Title: The botany of Iceland
Identifier: botanyoficeland0101kold (find matches)
Year: 1912 (1910s)
Authors: Kolderup Rosenvinge, L. (Lauritz), 1858-1939; Warming, Eugenius, 1841-1924
Subjects: Botany -- Iceland
Publisher: Copenhagen, J. Frimodt
Contributing Library: MBLWHOI Library
Digitizing Sponsor: MBLWHOI Library

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PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 227 its surface. The Katla eruption, in this way, converted thickly in- habited and fertile tracts into deserts, and in 1362 Oraefajokull de- stroyed, in the same way, two parishes, sweeping away forty farm- steads with their inhabitants and live-stock and all else, out into the sea. The best-known Icelandic volcano is Hekla. It has been the scene of 21 eruptions during historic times; next in importance comes the glacier-volcano Katla of which 13 eruptions are recorded.
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Fig. 11. Kverkfjoll, a volcano on the northern edge of Vatnajokull; seen from Hvannalindir. (Phot. J. P. Koch.) Submarine eruptions have taken place some ten lo twelve times near Eldeyjar off Reykjanes, whereby new islands have had their origin; but these have disappeared again. Several volcanoes .are present beneath the ice-cap of Vatnajokull, but the foci of eruption are not known for certain. During the last two centuries, from 30 to 40 eruptions have been recorded from the snow-fields of Vatnajokull. During several of these eruptions the snow and ice on SkeiSarar- jokull, on the southern side, partially melted, and enormous torrents of water were discharged. Occasionally Bruarjokull, on the northern side, has been very active. On Reykjanes there are numerous pre- historic volcanoes and rows of craters, and in three or four places eruptions have taken place since there have been settlements on

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