Identifier: manufactureofrub00heil (find matches)
Title: The manufacture of rubber goods : a practical handbook for the use of manufacturers, chemists, and others
Year: 1919 (1910s)
Authors: Heil, Adolf Esch, W. (Werner), b. 1878 Lewis, Edward W. (Edward Watkin)
Subjects: Rubber Rubber industry and trade
Publisher: London : C. Griffin & Company
Contributing Library: Claire T. Carney Library, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
Digitizing Sponsor: Claire T. Carney Library, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth

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or by intense heat, which would tend to distracttheir attention from their duties. It has already been stated that the chief things to be soughtafter in vulcanisation are the use of dry steam and the maintainingof the proper temperature, the pressure of the steam not cominginto account as far as the cure itself is concerned. Pressure is,however, by no means an unimportant factor. THE VULCANISATION OP RUBBER. 69 The heater shown in fig. 31 is the ordinary type of simpleheater. As a rule the steam is not led in from a single opening,but is distributed by means of a spray-pipe, which is laid along thebottom of the heater; this pipe is closed at the end and providedwith small holes at intervals along its walls. The pipe is coveredby a perforated iron plate. Considerable advantages follow fromthe use of a jacketed heater for vulcanisation, not so much for hot-air vulcanisation as for getting the outer jacket hot before lettingsteam into the interior of the heater, and so to a large extent
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Fig. 31. preventing condensation and maintaining a uniform temperature.To achieve this end the pressure in the outer jacket must be halfan atmosphere above that inside the heater itself. The dimensions of single heaters are very various, and dependupon those of the goods to be cured in them. Heaters from 80 cm.to 3 metres in diameter are used; for special purposes, indeed, suchas cable manufacture, the diameter is sometimes as great as 3Jmetres; the length or height of the heater varies from 1 metre to5 metres. For hose, heaters are used which are as much as 51metres long, with a standard diameter of 85 cm. The trolley is inthis case provided with shelves, and is run in and out automatically.By this means a considerable economy is effected, for in order to 70 RUBBER MANUFACTURE. move such a trolley some eight to ten men were always required,in addition to which the uneven, jerky, one-sided pulling oftenresulted either in the trolley being run off the rails, or in the rails,which lie o

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