Identifier: strengthstiffnes01beck (find matches)
Title: The strength and stiffness of steel under bi-axial loading
Year: 1916 (1910s)
Authors: Becker, Albert John, 1877-
Subjects: Steel
Publisher: (Urbana)
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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niformly varying, usually havingtwo points of maximum thickness diametrically opposite, and at 90°from these, two points of minimum thickness. This renders the tubeslightly elliptical (but not over 0.02 in. in 5.50 in.) and of varying thick-ness. While the variation in thickness was as high as 15 per cent insome cases, it apparently did not affect the averages of the readings,although the individual circumferential curves show the effect of thisvariation and the effect of the water pressure in making the tube morenearly cylindrical. 21 ILLIXOIS EXGIXEERIXG EXPERIMENT STATION 17. Deiermitmtion of the Thickness of Tube Walls.—The principleof the apparatus adopted for measuring the thickness of the tube walls isthat a micrometer caliper with a very deep throat. Fig. 10 shows theapparatus with the tube in position for a zero reading. A 4l^ by 21/2 by7/16-in. T-bar was clamped at one end to a support and a stiff woodenbar was bolted to it. At one end of the wooden bar an Ames Dial read-
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FiG. 10. View of Apparatus Used ix AIeasuring Thickness of Tube Walls. ing to thousandths of an inch was fastened so that the plunger rested ona steel ball (a Fig. 10) embedded in the stem of the T-bar. To determinethe thickness of the tube wall the plunger of the dial was raised, the tubewas slipped over the T-bar and rested on the steel ball. Two other steelballs ( h and c Fig. 10) were embedded in the stem of the T-bar, oneon each side of the ball under the plunger at such a distance from it thatthe tube always swung free on the center ball and one of the others. Theball under the plunger was slightly higher than either of the others toinsure a bearing on it at all times. When the plunger of the dial was incontact with the tube, the thickness of the tube was the difference betweenthe reading then taken and the zero reading. Zero readings were ob-tained by suspending the tube in two fine wire slings in such a manner BECKER—STEEL UNDER BIAXIAL LOADIXG 25 that its weight came on the

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