Identifier: transactionsofam2319amer (find matches)
Title: Transactions of the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for the year ...
Year: 1910 (1910s)
Authors: American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Subjects: American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Gynecology Obstetrics Gynecology Obstetrics
Publisher: Philadelphia : The Association
Contributing Library: Columbia University Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH)

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sents a conical, blunt-pointed, skin elongationwith numerous papillae studding its surface. These papillaehave a foliated appearance and are grouped in circular formabout its base. The substance of the nipple is rich in muscle fibers, vessels,and nerves, imparting to it a marked degree of erectile power.Dotted about the summit of the nipple are the minute openingsof the lactiferous tubes. Every obstetrician has met withsome of the anatomical anomalies of the. nipple. These abnormal 225 226 FRANCIS REDER. formations may be due to a primary deficiency in its develop-ment. It may also be the result of faulty dress, causing thenipple to become forcibly imbedded in the glandular substance.Furthermore, an inflammatory condition, with deep-seated pusformation, may cause a retraction, or an unusually large breastmay so engulf the nipple as to make it almost invisible. Everynipple that is not of sufficient size and proper shape to makeit fit for nursing is a menace to the mother. Such a nipple
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Fig. i.—Lactiferous tubes or ducts, injected, showing their radiated direction andin some places their interramification. predisposes to excoriations and fissures, not merely because ofthe inability of the child to properly nurse and evacuate thebreast, but also on account of the milk and the secretions collect-ing in the corrugations and there undergoing decompositionbecause of the difficulty of thoroughly cleaning such a nipple. It is the duty of the physician to see that the nipple is properlyprepared for its future function. Unfortunately, this chapterof the pregnant state is too often entirely overlooked or onlycasually alluded to. The attention to a normal nipple shouldbegin about eight weeks before the expected time of confine- BREAST OF THE EXPECTANT MOTHER. 227 ment. Nipples showing marked deviations from the normalrequire three to six months of a systematic massage to developthem to a state of usefulness. In preparing a nipple it is the object to develop such formand size

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