Identifier: memoirsofgeoi171880geol (find matches)
Title: Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India
Year: 1859 (1850s)
Authors: Geological Survey of India
Subjects: Geology Mines and mineral resources
Publisher: Calcutta : Pub. by order of the Governor-General of India
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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ings it obliquely back, so as toimpinge upon parts of the Khasor range, where last year one could havewalked dry shod from end to end of those hills in the old Induschannel. The current is strong, making the upward passage for boats verytedious; where shoals occur the water runs over them often in noisyrapids, and even where gliding still and unbroken there is constantlyheard the loud plash of undermined masses of the banks falling in. As in the Salt Range, here also a boulder zone, 3 or 4 miles inwidth, borders the Indus plains along the base of the mountains, forminga very marked feature of the country. In this the dry stony wans orwater-courses from the hills unite, distributing their rounded boulderdebris in the form of blending fans, most distinct where the rangesabove supply the harder varieties of rock. This zone is sparsely dottedwith bheker (Adhatoda) bushes, &c, never affords a drop of water, andfrom its ruggedness is always difficult to traverse. 1 Thorburns Bauu.( 2U )
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STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND THE FORM OF THE GROUND. 15 The Bannu plain, 1,000 to 1,150 feet above the sea, on the furtherside of the mountains, and traversed by the Ku-ram, which here receives the Gambela and otherrivers, is sandy or even stony round its margin : at some places to thewest presenting karewah-like terraces so characteristic of the Kashmirvalley, but here covered with stones, many of them coated by a blackfilm of oxides of iron or manganese, apparently weathering from therock (these are supposed to be the doza/c ki kanre, hell stones mentionedin Thorburn^s Banu/ page 7). In such situations, except where slightlycultivated in favourable seasons, the ground is bare, with thinly scatteredtrees. In more central and lower parts the plain is extensively irrigated,well wooded, and richly cultivated. Its aspect in the cold weather, thewintery look of the trees, the familiar birds, ravens, rooks, flocks ofstarlings, and the flights of wild fowl, recall November scenes in Britain,a res

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