Identifier: scientificapplie00krae (find matches)
Title: Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists
Year: 1920 (1920s)
Authors: Kraemer, Henry, 1868-1924
Subjects: Pharmacognosy
Publisher: New York, Wiley
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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od and that obtained from trees whichhave been slow in developing is best of all. The methods of dis-tillation in India are rather crude and they do not secure the yieldthat is obtained by distillers in Europe and United States. Theyield of oil from the imported Indian wood is from 3 to 5 per cent. Oil of Sandalwood is a rather viscid, nearly colorless or light-yellowish liquid of a peculiar, but persistent odor. It containsfrom 80 to 98 per cent of santalol; 6 per cent of a sesquiterpene(santalen); 3 per cent of an aldehyde (santalal); a ketone (santalon);santalic acid, teresantalic acid, formic acid and acetic acid in theform of esters amounting to 3 per cent; and about 0.3 per cent of astrongly odorous constituent. Allied Plants.—West Indian Sandalwood oil is obtained fromAmyris balsamifera (Fam. Rutacese). West Australian Sandalwood SANDAL WOOD 183 oil is obtained from one or more species of Santalum and is exportedfrom Fremantle, West Australia, being used in India and China as
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a substitute for the genuine oil, although it has very different piop-erties. South Australian Sandalwood oil is derived from SantalumPreissianum and has a cherry-red color, with an odor similar to that 184 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY of roses. East African Sandalwood oil is obtained from Osyristenuifolia and yields an oil having an odor resembling that of WestIndian Sandalwood oil. Literature.—Zornig, Arzneidrogen. ARISTOLOCHIACE.E, OR BIRTHWORT FAMILY Herbs or mostly twining woody plants with reniform or cordate,palmi-nerved leaves. There are about 200 species, mostly repre-sented in tropical and sub-tropical countries. The family is espe-cially characterized by the presence of secretory cells having a vola-tile oil. These occur not only in the epidermal cells of the leaf, butin all other parts of the plants. The secretory cells are from 0.012to 0.075 mm. in diameter, the walls are usually suberized, and theoil occurs in the lumina, usually in colorless or yellowish globu

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