Atlas of European history
- For other maps of Europe: Atlas of Europe.
Wikimedia Commons Atlas of the World The Wikimedia Atlas of the World is an organized and commented collection of geographical, political and historical maps available at Wikimedia Commons. Discussion • Update the atlas • Index of the Atlas • Atlas in categories • Other atlases on line |
The introductions of the country, dependency and region entries are in the native languages and in English. The other introductions are in English.
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History maps
This section holds a short summary of the history of the area of present-day Europe, illustrated with maps, including historical maps of former countries and empires that included present-day Europe.
Prehistory
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Palaeolithic art, as early as 40 000 BC to 10 000 BC |
Neolithicum in Europe 5th millennium BC |
Cardium Pottery, 5000 BC |
Europe in the Middle Neolithic, ca. 4500 BC-4000 BC |
Europe in the Late Neolithic, ca. 4000 BC-3500 BC |
Simple map of the major late 4th millennium BC "Old European" cultures. Green is the Funnelbeaker culture (TRB). Blue is the Linear Ceramic culture (LBK). Orange is the Lengyel culture, purple the Vincha culture, red the Cucuteni culture and yellow the western part of the Yamna culture |
Corded Ware culture and neighbourhood (Yamna culture, Baden culture), ca. 3200 BC/2900 BC to ca. 2300 BC/1800 BC |
Centers of the Beaker culture (ca. 2800 BC – 1900 BC) |
Extent of the Beaker culture (ca. 2800 BC – 1900 BC) |
A simplified map, ca. 1200 BC, showing the central Urnfield culture (red), the northern Urnfield culture (orange), the Knoviz culture (blue-gray), the Lusatian culture (purple), the Danubian culture (brown), the Terramare culture (blue), the West European Bronze Age (green) and the Nordic Bronze Age (yellow). |
Celts in Europe. This is a rough estimate from several sources. Blue: extent of Celtic influence 1500 BC - 1000 BC. Purple: extent of Celtic influence 400 BC |
La Tène Culture area, Celts' urheimat, V century BC |
Celts spread in III century BC, according to Francisco Villar's Los Indoeuropeos y los orígenes de Europa, Italian version, p. 446 |
Celts in Europe 800 - 400 BC. The green area suggests a possible extent of (proto-)Celtic influence around 1000 BC |
Celts in Europe |
Celts in Europe |
Celts: Hallstatt (yellow) and La Tène (green) cultures |
Antiquity
Germanic tribes (750 BC-1) |
ancient Thrace,map made in 1585 |
West Mediterranean Areas 509 BC |
West Mediterranean Areas 348 BC |
West Mediterranean Areas 306 BC |
West Mediterranean Areas 279 BC |
Europe in 220 BC |
Territorial development of the Roman Empire 264 BC-192 |
The Roman Republic and Carthage in 218, just prior to the Second Punic War |
The migrations of the Cimbri and the Teutons |
Roman Republic 100 BC |
Map of the Roman Empire in 50 |
The extent of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire; 133 BC 44 BC (late Republic, after conquests by republican generals) AD 14 (death of Augustus)
117 (maximum extension) |
Map of the Roman republic, with provinces |
Europe in 60 |
Map of the Roman Empire in 116 |
Roman Empire in 117 |
The division of the Empire after the death of Theodosius I, ca.395 AD superimposed on modern borders. |
Western Roman Empire 395 |
Invasions of the Roman Empire 100-500 |
Division of the Roman Empire in 406 |
Europe in 395 |
The Germanic migrations of the fifth century were triggered by the destruction of the Gothic kingdoms by the Huns in 372-375. The city of Rome was captured and looted by the Visigoths in 410 and by the Vandals in 455. |
Europe in 400 |
Europe in 450 |
The Huns Empire. By the end of 454, it will have collapsed. |
Vandals in 455 |
Europe in 476 |
Middle Ages
[[|border|251x400px]] | Europe in 526 |
Europe in 526-600 |
[[|border|251x400px]] | Austrasia and Neustria |
The Frankish Empire |
Europe in 814 |
The growth of Frankish power, 481–814, showing Francia as it originally was after the crumbling of the Western Roman Empire |
Until his death in 814, Charlemagne ruled an empire which included modern Catalonia, France, western Germany, the Low Countries, and northern Italy. |
Final division of the Frankish Empire in the Treaty of Verdun |
Divisions after 843 |
Europe in 843-870 |
Divisions in 870 |
Under Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, the Holy Roman Empire included Germany, northern Italy, Austria, and the Netherlands |
Voyages of the Vikings |
Europe in 998 |
Europe About A.D. 1000 |
Kingdom of Ivar Vidfamne |
Empire of Cnut 1014-1035 |
Europe in 1092 |
Europe in 1097 |
Crusades around 1097 |
Norman possessions in the 12th century |
Europe in 1142 |
Europe 1190 |
Eurasia in 1200 |
Europe in 1328 |
Black Death 1347-1351 |
Europe in the 14th Century |
Europe in 1360 |
the Western Schism 1378-1417 |
Caution: this map is highly inaccurate in some regions and borders, see its talk page.}}
German map of Europe around 1395 |
Europe in 1400 |
Europe in 1430 |
Europe in 1470 |
Europe in 1477 |
[[|border|251x400px]] | Europe in 1490 |
Early modern period
Europe in 1519 |
Habsburg dominions 1547 |
Empire of Charles V: Castile Aragon Burgundy
Habsburg |
The (Habsburg) Empire of Charles I/V |
Europe in 1550 |
European religions in 1560 |
Habsburg Empire in 1547 |
Area ruled by the Habsburg king around 1580 on a map showing modern-day state borders |
Thirty Years War map |
Europe in 1648 |
Europe in 1700 |
Europe in 1740 |
Late modern period
French Revolution and Napoleonic Period
Western and Southern Europe (1791) |
Northern and Eastern Europe (1791) |
Europe (1794) |
Central Europe after the Peace of Basel and the Treaty of Campo Formio (1797) |
Europe (1799) |
France and its sister republics (1799) |
Europe after the Treaty of Lunéville (1801) |
Strategic situation of Europe (1801) |
Europe in 1811 |
The French Empire in 1811 |
The French Empire and satellite states (1811) |
The French Empire and satellite states (1812) |
Europe in 1812 |
Europe in 1815 |
1815 – 1939
Europe in 1848 |
Europe in 1867 |
Europe in 1871 |
Europe in 1878 |
Europe in 1890 |
Europe in 1911 |
Europe in 1914 |
Europe in 1914 |
Europe in 1914 |
Europe in 1914-24 |
Europe in 1929-1939 |
Europe 1935-1939 |
World War II
Animated map World War II in Europe |
Europe 1939 |
Europe 1940 |
Europe 1941 |
Europe 1941-1942 |
Atlantic wall may 1944 |
europe 1943-1945 |
World War II in Europe 1939-1945 |
Western front 1940 I |
Western Front 1940 II |
Western front 1940 III |
Europe in 1941/42 |
Eastern Front 1941-I |
Eastern Front 1941-II |
Eastern Front 1942 |
Eastern Front 1943 I |
Eastern Front 1943 II |
Eastern Front 1944 |
Eastern Front 1945 |
Post-War Europe
Divided Europe 1945-1990 |
Cold War economic alliances |
Cold War military alliances |
NATO versus Warsaw Pact 1949-1960 |
Marshall Plan |
Europe in 1993-2006 |
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Europe in 2006 to date |
Historical maps of the Balkans
Roman Provinces in the Balkan |
Balkan 1340 |
Balkan 1518 |
North Turkey in Europe 1726 |
Balkan 1801 |
Map of the Austrian Military Frontier (in German) |
Post-Roman Conquest Balkans,map made in 1849 |
Roman era Balkans |
Ethnographic map of European Turkey and the vassal states (1861) |
Balkan 1912 |
Balkans in 1913 |
Balkan belligerants 1914 |
Former Yugoslavia wartime (1990-) |
Western Balkan until 2006 |
Central Balkans in 2010 (de facto situation). Note: Serbia does not recognizing Independence of Kosovo. |
Historical maps of the Caucasus
Caucasus 1729 |
Caucasus 1842 |
Caucasus History Map |
Caucasus |
Ethnic map of the Caucasus |
Historical maps of the Iberian Peninsula
Pre-Roman tribes in western Iberia |
Celts in Iberia (200 BC) |
File:Ethnographic Iberia 200 BC.PNG | Ethnographic Iberia 200 BC |
Prehispanic languages and tribes |
Prehispanic languages |
Paleohispanic writing systems excluding proper Lusitanian |
Hispania under the Roman republic |
Lusitania in the Roman Empire (116) |
Astur-Cantabrian war |
Hispania under Octavio César Augusto (29-19 a. J. C.), after the Cantabrians Wars |
Hispania under Dioclecian, 293 AC |
Roman provinces in Iberia |
Roman province of Lusitania |
Roman Lusitania |
Iberian Peninsula Around 476 AC |
Iberian Peninsula Around 560 AC |
Iberian Peninsula Around 560 AC |
Iberian Peninsula in 565 |
Iberian Peninsula Around 586 AC |
Visigoths migrations |
Kingdom of the Visigoths |
Visigoths and Sueves |
Kingdom of Suvean Galicia |
Iberian Peninsula in 700 |
Conquest by the Caliphs |
Empire of the Almoravides (in English) |
Emirate of Cordoba |
File:Iberia 1031 (norsk).jpg | Iberia in 1031 |
[[|border|251x400px]] | Iberia in 1031 |
Taifas in 1080 |
[[|border|251x400px]] | Reconquista |
Reconquista |
[[|border|251x400px]] | Conquest of Andalus |
Notes and references
General remarks:
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