Ayuda:Contenidos
Wikimedia Commons es un repositorio de imágenes, videos, sonidos y otros archivos multimedia de uso libre. Los archivos aquí guardados pueden ser usados como archivos locales en otros proyectos dentro de los servidores de Wikimedia, incluyendo Meta-Wiki, MediaWiki, Wikilibros, Wikinoticias, Wikipedia, Wikiquote, Wikisource, Wikiversidad, Wikiviajes y Wikcionario. La función InstantCommons permite también la importación a otras wikis.
Esta página es un índice de todas las páginas de mantenimiento y ayuda de Wikimedia . Los siguientes artículos contienen guías e información acerca de cómo leer, cómo crear y cómo participar en la comunidad de Commons.
¿No sabes dónde encontrar lo que necesitas saber? Si no lo hallas en las preguntas frecuentes, puedes realizar una pregunta en el área de ayuda.
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Información general
Colecciones de páginas de ayudaEn Wikipedia hay una cantidad grande de páginas de ayuda que tal vez te sean de utilidad:
Páginas comunitariasPáginas básicas: Páginas de mantenimiento:
Solicitar ayuda:
MediaWikiLa función de MediaWiki en sí - el software que Wikimedia Commons ejecuta en - se describe en la Guía de Usuario de MediaWiki en Meta-Wiki. Si sospecha que existe un error de software, puede pedir información en el café, y luego informar en Phabricator sistema de informe de errores. Esta es la única manera de conseguir que los desarrolladores de MediaWiki se enteren de los informes de errores. Es posible descargar la base de datos de Wikimedia Commons. Aún no hay ningún volcado de archivos multimedia disponible. Información legal y contactoContáctanos, Exoneraciones generales, Normativa de privacidad, Licencias |
Ayuda de los contenidos de Wikimedia Commons
Ayuda para editoresInformación para principiantes
To join the Commons community and upload files, you'll need an account.</translate> <translate>
Do you already have an account on Wikipedia or Wikimedia Commons?</translate>
<translate> How to select the right licenseWhen you upload a file, you must apply a license statement for it. Choosing your file's license is an important decision, as all content in Wikimedia Commons has to be licensed freely. It is therefore imperative to clarify your rights to upload it under a free license. The decision tree is a graphical overview of the issues below. </translate> <translate> Tips and tricks
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More detailed information on copyright and licensing as well as copyright laws in different countries can be found at Commons:Licencias. Available licenses</translate>;<translate> Licensing jargon</translate>
<translate> If the media you are uploading is your own work, you have a number of available licenses to choose from. If you are not concerned with your rights to the media and merely want to add a file quickly, choosing an option from the "Best practices" section is a great choice. If you want to weigh what permissions you give and what rights you obtain, study each license and decide based upon your criteria. Following are a basic outline of each license, organized by best and better options. If there is no appropriate license to select, you can set "None" and manually insert the proper license later on (for a list of all allowed licenses see Commons:Marcas de derechos de autor). This is a rather advanced way, however, as it requires you to know the exact license template's name.
Best practices
These licenses were created by Creative Commons, who created a group of modular licenses which can be mixed in many variations. All published versions of the two licenses are accepted. As of 2015, the 4.0 version is the most recently released one; the 2.0 version is often used for uploads from Flickr since it is the only version available there. Files only available under licenses containing "Noncommercial" and/or "NoDerivatives" are unfree and therefore not accepted. Wrapping upOnce you're done with these choices, it is a good idea to check "Watch this page" to keep track of any changes pertaining to your media. With your personal watchlist, you can see the tracked files' change dates, comments and the persons committing the change. You can find the watchlist in the user tabs atop any page. Finally, once you click on "Upload file" it may be necessary to approve this action, as your software might consider this a security issue. After the upload is complete — which may take a while — you'll be redirected to that file's page. If you uploaded the file for use in Wikipedia or another project that uses Wikimedia Commons as a file repository, you still need to edit the relevant page(s) in that other project in order to make your file show up there. Please refer to that project's help pages about media use for further instructions. The instructions for the English language Wikipedia can be found at Wikipedia:Picture tutorial. Further readingWikimedia Commons pages: </translate>,
<translate> This page gives a quick guide to making high quality contributions to Wikimedia. How to make perfect media uploadsImages</translate><translate> Generally speaking, image quality and resolution should be as high as possible so images can be used in high-quality printouts, for example. MediaWiki, the server-side wiki software behind Wikimedia projects, can scale images in most formats on the fly as needed and storage space is not restricted, so concerns about download time and size should not keep you from uploading the highest resolution file available. Size and scalingAs of November 2019, the MediaWiki software can't handle GIF larger than exactly 100 megapixels — but otherwise images in such high resolutions are fine. For animated GIFs, you have to multiply the resolution with the frame count. </translate> <translate> PNGs are thumbnailed if they are smaller than approximately <tvar|num1>2,500 </>megapixels (<tvar|num2>2,500,000,000 </>pixels) — <tvar|num3>50,000×50,000</> pixels square (1.00:1), <tvar|num4>57,732×43,299</> pixels in the 4:3 aspect ratio (1.33:1), <tvar|num5>63,600×39,307</> pixels in the golden ratio (1.62:1), or <tvar|num6>66,656×37,494</> pixels in the 16:9 ratio (1.78:1) The upload size limit was increased to 100 MB at the end of 2008. With chunked uploading, e.g. available through Upload Wizard (a modern Browser is required), it is possible to upload files with a file size up to 4 GB. Filetypes and namingOnly certain file types are allowed in Wikimedia Commons. If you try to upload a different file type, you'll receive an error message. The destination filename you give will be the title of the image description page; you may want to follow naming conventions. If you modify an image of others, please upload it under a different filename and add links to and from the original. </translate>
<translate> Format guidanceDifferent formats should be used for different types of images. JPEG works well with images with lots of details like photographs. A diagram, however, suffers compression artifacts when saved as JPEG and, like GIF and PNG, cannot be scaled without loss of quality. </translate> <translate> SVG works well with charts, diagrams, and other images where there are few details. (However, if you can't get the diagram in vector form, PNG is still better than JPEG.) SVG can be edited easily and scaled with no loss of quality, but its use in photographs, for instance, is impractical. </translate> <translate> GIF is cumbersome for use with the server software and due to inherent restrictions in the format, use of GIF should be restricted to animated images only. For further information on image formats, format conversion, and other format recommendations, see Commons:Preparing images for upload/es.
PNG should be reserved for images that require high quality and/or that it can more easily compress, such as computer screenshots (or diagrams only available in raster form). Do not save JPEG images as "progressive".[1] Please optimize JPEG images (this reduces size at no cost to decoding).[Por favor aclarar] </translate> <translate>
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Audio and videoSupported sound types are MIDI (file extension: .mid) and Ogg Vorbis (.ogg) and for video files WebM (.webm) or Ogg Theora (also .ogg or .ogv). Other widely used sound file formats like MP3 or WMA and video formats like MPEG and WMV are not allowed at Wikimedia Commons due to patent issues. Like images, quality of sound and video files should not be too low. The upper limit for file sizes is 100 megabytes, so choose quality depending on the duration of your media file. For information on format conversion and encoding, see Commons:Software/es. Good file descriptionsA good file description provides complete information about the file, including legally required information such as its copyright status and source, as well as descriptive information about what it shows and how it was made. Without this information making judgements about the provenance of an image is very difficult and its value is much reduced to editors and researchers. </translate> The following is neither possible nor required if you use Commons:Upload Wizard for uploading, which is the default way for uploading at Commons now.
<translate> To assist you in creating such a description, there is a standardized template for images. Additionally, this template is rendered in a typographically sound way and provides Machine-readable data which in turn is used for creating information for reusers. It is therefore highly recommended to use the template. </translate> <translate> N.B. there are special templates for works of art {{Artwork}} and books {{Book}} that should be used in place of (or, in the case of some photographs, in addition to) the template {{Information}} shown hereafter, see the relevant template documentation pages for more information. </translate> <translate> Just copy the code below, paste it into the "Summary" field during upload and fill in the blanks: {{Information
|Description=
|Date=
|Source=
|Author=
|Permission=
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If you can't fill in everything, leave them blank, as the template won't work as advertised otherwise (internationalization, categorization). </translate> <translate>
Description of the content. What do you see, hear, or otherwise perceive? If it's an artwork, please provide brief historical background. In case of scientific data, a brief scientific abstract of the file. If you have detailed information about an image, for example the name of the species or the size of the object, please add it. Especially with mineral images, including the size is helpful. Stating where a photograph was taken never hurts and is often essential, as for almost any non-astronomical photograph taken outdoors, among others. </translate> <translate> Descriptions can be in any language, but it is always a good idea to include an English description as well. If you can write in more than one language, consider adding the description in all of them. See this note about creating wikilinks. </translate> The following is neither possible nor required if you use Commons:Upload Wizard for uploading, which is the default way for uploading at Commons now.
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{{Information
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{{cs|1=Nějaký český popisek.}}
{{en|1=Some description in English.}}
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</translate> The following is neither possible nor required if you use Commons:Upload Wizard for uploading, which is the default way for uploading at Commons now.
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</translate> <translate> Note: For many media it is desirable to use a geocoding template in addition to the Information template. Please also read First steps/Sorting. Upload summaryWhen you are uploading a file, the upload form gives you a place for a summary. Everything you enter will appear permanently on the image description page, in the "File history" section. If you are uploading the first version of a file (there is not already a file with the title you selected), then your upload summary will also be copied to the image description page. It is common in this case to provide complete information in the summary, as detailed under Good file descriptions hereinbefore. If you are uploading a new version of a file, it is important to specify in as much detail as possible how you changed the file. This information is important because it can be difficult for others to tell the difference between two files. For example, for an image, you could say:
Ideally, one will provide a command line or exact list of commands that reproduces the changes, though this is by no means necessary, and often not possible. Notes
Further readingWikimedia Commons pages:
Wikipedia page: MediaWiki handbook: </translate>,
<translate> A short tutorial follows on how to sort and categorize images. Categories and galleriesOther people need to find your file in order to use it to illustrate articles in other Wikimedia projects, so it is crucial to add your media files to specific categories. Every image must be in at least one classification category; otherwise your valuable media files won't get used as much as they could be. If you wish, you may also add them to specific gallery articles on Commons. An example of a gallery page could be the image gallery of the planet Mars. You can tell if a page is an article or a category by looking at its name. Pages without a prefix are article pages, pages with a "Category:" prefix are categories and pages with "File:" are File pages (images, sound or video). This concept (implemented with these prefixes) is called "namespaces". That way you can easily identify different content types by their namespace prefix. Adding images to categoriesAdding an image to a category is done like adding a Wikipedia article to a category. Simply place something like the following example code at the image page itself: [[Category:love]] Be as specific as possible. Don't add an image to an overcrowded root category. In order to find a right category for your image, the category tree function will help you a lot: just go to a general category, such as Category:Countries and then follow the subcategories until you find the most specific one that describes your image Adding images to galleriesTo add an image to a gallery, first upload the image, then navigate to the category page the gallery is in and click on "edit". In the edit box you will find the gallery's images listed between the opening and closing Gallery tags: <gallery> Image:Mars Valles Marineris.jpeg|Valles Marineris on Mars Image:Mars Hubble.jpg|Mars seen by the Hubble Space Telescope, Realistic Colors </gallery> Which, on the saved page, looks like:
Add the Wiki-file-link for your image between the opening and closing gallery tags without the brackets, so that it's in the same format as the other image files: Image:Your photo name.jpg|A brief description Save the page and your image will appear as a thumbnail in the gallery. For sound and video files it works the same way except that the media files will display a replacement icon or (if JavaScript is enabled in your browser's settings) – a player – like in this example:
Creation categoriesIn addition to subject categories, it is helpful to add categories indicating software or equipment used in making the file, such as: Further readingWikimedia Commons pages: MediaWiki handbook:
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Transferring files from other projectsAs files on the Commons can be used by all Wikimedia projects, it is a great idea to start transferring copyleft-licensed files from other projects. Avoiding thumbnail imagesA common mistake when uploading images from another Wikimedia project to Commons is to copy a scaled version, also known as a thumbnail. The MediaWiki software allows users to embed thumbnailed versions of images in articles by simply adding the parameter thumb to the image link. When the article is viewed, only the scaled version is loaded. </translate> <translate> As well at the image pages by default a thumbnail is displayed only (with a link to the full size version below). If a user saves the image directly from the scaled version, it will be saved in that size and thus will be heavily reduced in quality compared to the full size original. The number of horizontal pixels will be added to the filename, giving a name like "150px-example.png".
File transfer processIf you copied a file from another Wikimedia project, indicate which one (for example, "the German Wikipedia"), the author there, and the original title. So in order to transfer files from Wikipedia, please follow Wikipedia's Moving images to the Commons guidelines. </translate> <translate> Especially do not transfer non-commercial and Fair use images. They will be deleted immediately without further notice and will not be re-uploaded to Wikipedia. If you have questions regarding the conditions of a certain media file you want to transfer ask at Commons talk:Licensing for clarification. Additional tools[[<tvar|image>Image:Commonist screenshot.png|thumb|right</>|Commonist upload tool]] For some special tasks, like uploading large numbers of images and maintaining them in Wikimedia Commons, there are additional software tools available. The Java program Commonist is helpful when uploading a large number of images. So have a look at our Tools page in order to make your daily work in Wikimedia Commons easier. Further readingWikimedia Commons pages: Wikipedia pages: </translate>,
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Looking for media files on CommonsIn order to find certain media files on Wikimedia Commons you can search an entire category, or see if a gallery page for your subject exists. Commons has fewer pages than Wikipedia has articles, but does have a number of gallery pages, such as for Bicycle, Lake, many National Parks, plant species, and animals, that can make searching or linking easier. You can add a link from a Wikimedia Commons gallery page to a Wikipedia article where the collection would be more appropriate than a single media file. If you want to reuse Wikimedia Commons media files outside Wikimedia projects you are welcome to do so. However keep some very important points in mind:
Embedding Commons media in Wikimedia projectsIn general, to embed a Wikimedia Commons media file in Wikipedia or another Wikimedia wiki, just include it in the same way as if it were to be stored locally there.</translate>[Por favor aclarar]<translate> To include an image in a page, use for example a link in the form (standard usage shown): </translate><translate> <!--T:12--> [[Image:file.jpg|thumb|descriptive text]] </translate> <translate> To include a sound you can choose between two possibilities if the {{Audio}} template is present in your local wiki (otherwise you can use the first method): </translate><translate> <!--T:14--> [[Media:file.ogg|descriptive text]] </translate> <translate> </translate><translate>
<!--T:15-->
{{Audio|Filename-without-namespace|descriptive text}}
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<translate> Further details can be found at the media help page in Meta-wiki, at Wikipedia image markup page and at Wikipedia picture tutorial. Embedding Commons media in third-party projectsWikimedia Commons files can be embedded in third-party MediaWiki installs by using these MediaWiki [[<tvar|link1>mw:Manual:$wgForeignFileRepos#Using_files_from_Wikimedia_Commons_:_ForeignAPIRepo</>|settings]]. This feature is known as [[<tvar|link2>mw:InstantCommons</>|InstantCommons]]. You are always welcome to download files you are interested in for reuse as long as you follow the license conditions provided alongside the files. Further readingWikimedia Commons pages:
MediaWiki handbook: </translate>, datos estructurados Información de derechos de autor: Información general: Software de utilidad para Wikimedia Commons:
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